{"id":29415,"date":"2021-10-11T11:20:26","date_gmt":"2021-10-11T11:20:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/?post_type=stories&#038;p=29415"},"modified":"2021-10-18T12:36:04","modified_gmt":"2021-10-18T12:36:04","slug":"szczecin-estuary-creating-an-eco-island-in-poland","status":"publish","type":"stories","link":"https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/fr\/stories\/szczecin-estuary-creating-an-eco-island-in-poland\/","title":{"rendered":"Estuaire de Szczecin, cr\u00e9ation d'une \u00e9co-\u00eele en Pologne"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>L'estuaire du SZCZECIN se trouve dans une voie navigable int\u00e9rieure pour les grands navires qui traversent la Pologne centrale, o\u00f9 le dragage du chenal est n\u00e9cessaire pour assurer le passage des navires en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Les mat\u00e9riaux dragu\u00e9s sont pr\u00e9cieux pour la construction de nouveaux habitats dans les zones peu profondes le long de la voie navigable. <a href=\"https:\/\/4returns.earth\/organisations\/united-designers-international\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">United Designers International<\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 contact\u00e9 par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9erlandaise d'ing\u00e9nierie holistique \"The Weather makers\" pour conceptualiser ces havres de paix \u00e9cologiques potentiels.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>La modernisation des chenaux Swinoujscie - Szczecin offre la possibilit\u00e9 d'att\u00e9nuer les effets n\u00e9fastes sur l'habitat c\u00f4tier et la vie marine dus \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de navires de plus grande taille et \u00e0 l'augmentation du trafic. D'autant plus que le transport maritime en Pologne a augment\u00e9 de plus de 30% entre 2013 et 2019. Des milliers de navires traversent cette voie chaque ann\u00e9e, ce qui n\u00e9cessite un entretien continu du chenal. Le d\u00e9placement \u00e0 terre de tous les mat\u00e9riaux de dragage constitue un d\u00e9fi \u00e9cologique depuis des d\u00e9cennies et une source de contamination \u00e0 long terme.<\/p>\n<p>Comme chaque canal est dragu\u00e9 plus profond\u00e9ment pour accueillir de plus grands navires, les profondeurs accumulent la vase et ralentissent l'\u00e9coulement des d\u00e9bris dans les canaux. D'une certaine mani\u00e8re, les chenaux profonds filtrent les particules de l'eau qui se dirige vers l'oc\u00e9an, mais la vase est charg\u00e9e d'eaux us\u00e9es provenant des stations d'\u00e9puration du littoral, de mati\u00e8res organiques et de contaminants. Une fois dragu\u00e9es, les mati\u00e8res ana\u00e9robies d\u00e9gagent un ar\u00f4me important et d\u00e9sagr\u00e9able et doivent \u00eatre \u00e9limin\u00e9es dans un endroit o\u00f9 elles peuvent se d\u00e9composer et s'\u00e9couler. Le stockage des mat\u00e9riaux de dragage sur la terre ferme reste au mieux controvers\u00e9, et ils deviennent indisponibles pour une utilisation ult\u00e9rieure au fur et \u00e0 mesure qu'ils sont stock\u00e9s. L'utilisation en mer permet un meilleur acc\u00e8s pour les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts et la manutention, et r\u00e9duit les co\u00fbts de transport.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"http:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-PLAN-VIEW-1024x987.png\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-29420 lazyload\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"987\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-29420\" src=\"http:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-PLAN-VIEW-1024x987.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"987\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-PLAN-VIEW-1024x987.png 1024w, https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-PLAN-VIEW-300x289.png 300w, https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-PLAN-VIEW-768x740.png 768w, https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-PLAN-VIEW-1536x1480.png 1536w, https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-PLAN-VIEW-2048x1974.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p>En utilisant les mat\u00e9riaux dragu\u00e9s comme base pour les \u00eeles, les sols peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation et \u00e9ventuellement par la faune. Souvent, nous essayons de restaurer des syst\u00e8mes \u00e9cologiques qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 endommag\u00e9s par des activit\u00e9s pass\u00e9es. Dans le cas pr\u00e9sent, nous cr\u00e9ons un nouvel habitat et un nouvel \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me insulaire loin de l'activit\u00e9 humaine. Les \u00eeles serviront de lieu de nidification et d'habitat pour les esp\u00e8ces marines menac\u00e9es ainsi que pour les oiseaux migrateurs qui traversent cette voie d'eau. Les \u00e9tangs int\u00e9rieurs et les zones humides recueillent l'eau de pluie, chassent les sels et cr\u00e9ent finalement des bassins d'eau douce. Agissant comme un brise-vent, les courants d\u00e9posent de la terre et de la vase du c\u00f4t\u00e9 sous le vent de l'\u00eele. Ces d\u00e9p\u00f4ts cr\u00e9ent constamment des hauts-fonds. Les herbes de mer et de rivage s'\u00e9tendront et cr\u00e9eront de nouveaux habitats tout en stabilisant le fond changeant et peu profond de l'estuaire.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"http:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-Shoreline-Restoration-1024x493.png\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-29421 lazyload\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"493\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-29421\" src=\"http:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-Shoreline-Restoration-1024x493.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"493\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-Shoreline-Restoration-1024x493.png 1024w, https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-Shoreline-Restoration-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-Shoreline-Restoration-768x370.png 768w, https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-Shoreline-Restoration-1536x740.png 1536w, https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-Shoreline-Restoration.png 1673w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p>Les d\u00e9fis \u00e0 relever dans le cadre de ce projet sont les pratiques culturelles d'un secteur et la volont\u00e9 politique d'op\u00e9rer un changement. Les pratiques \"\u00e9prouv\u00e9es\" n'ont pas chang\u00e9 depuis des d\u00e9cennies. Bien que ces pratiques soient devenues extr\u00eamement efficaces gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'am\u00e9lioration de l'ing\u00e9nierie et de la technologie, elles ne sont pas suffisantes pour cr\u00e9er une solution durable tout en endommageant l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me local. La cr\u00e9ation d'\u00eeles estuariennes pr\u00e9sente des avantages sur le plan politique, pour l'industrie, pour le commerce et pour l'environnement. Les \u00eeles stockent les s\u00e9diments et r\u00e9duisent les co\u00fbts de transport li\u00e9s au dragage de la voie navigable. Les mat\u00e9riaux de dragage sont concentr\u00e9s dans les \u00eeles o\u00f9 les organismes du sol et les plantes peuvent progressivement d\u00e9composer les contaminants en substances inertes.<\/p>\n<p>Les mat\u00e9riaux stratifi\u00e9s des habitats de l'\u00eele formeront progressivement des esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales et animales qui stabiliseront les mat\u00e9riaux, ce qui sera b\u00e9n\u00e9fique pour l'estuaire et l'environnement. D'un point de vue politique, l'\u00eele est une solution aux conflits d'int\u00e9r\u00eats entre les \u00e9cologistes, la biologie marine et la stabilit\u00e9 d'une ressource de transport importante pour le pays.<\/p>\n<p>En d\u00e9veloppant les espaces de l'\u00eele, United Designers s'est efforc\u00e9 d'inclure le plus grand nombre possible de rivages marins et d'habitats de zones humides. Du rivage \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de l'\u00eele, chaque espace doit offrir un habitat \u00e0 une myriade d'esp\u00e8ces. Les esp\u00e8ces du littoral ont des liens directs avec l'int\u00e9rieur de l'\u00eele. Le sable des rives est stabilis\u00e9 par des herbes et des digues qui r\u00e9duisent l'\u00e9rosion. Les oiseaux de rivage et les oiseaux terrestres de l'int\u00e9rieur disposent d'espaces de nidification. Les oiseaux migrateurs ont des endroits pour se reposer, s'arr\u00eater et se nourrir. Les grands arbres finissent par constituer une colonie de vacances pour les oiseaux aquatiques. Avec le temps, les \u0153ufs des amphibiens sont d\u00e9pos\u00e9s sur l'\u00eele par les pattes des canards et des oies. Un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me complet d'eau douce s'organise et \u00e9merge sur l'\u00eele.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"http:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Shorline-Side-view-1024x229.png\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-29422 lazyload\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"229\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-29422\" src=\"http:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Shorline-Side-view-1024x229.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Shorline-Side-view-1024x229.png 1024w, https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Shorline-Side-view-300x67.png 300w, https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Shorline-Side-view-768x172.png 768w, https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Shorline-Side-view-1536x344.png 1536w, https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Shorline-Side-view-2048x459.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p>Une \u00eele suppl\u00e9mentaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9e \u00e0 la conception du projet pour servir de base \u00e0 la construction des autres \u00eeles. Cette \u00eele mesure 1,7 km de large et comprend trois grands ports de d\u00e9p\u00f4t pour le traitement des mat\u00e9riaux de dragage et une lagune ouverte pour ajouter de l'habitat et man\u0153uvrer de grands \u00e9quipements. Les projets ont \u00e9t\u00e9 confi\u00e9s au gouvernement polonais et \u00e0 ses services en 2019 et nous esp\u00e9rons voir ces perles \u00e9merger dans le lac dans un avenir proche.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"http:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-Final-Design-683x1024.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-29423 lazyload\" alt=\"\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-29423\" src=\"http:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-Final-Design-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-Final-Design-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-Final-Design-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-Final-Design-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-Final-Design-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-Final-Design-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/4returns.commonland.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Eco-Island-Poland-Final-Design-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":197,"featured_media":29425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","topics":[284],"class_list":["post-29415","stories","type-stories","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","topics-restoring-nature"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Szczecin Estuary, Creating an Eco-Island in 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